Afternoon temperatures are around 26C/78F and the humidity is high. [14] Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for their livelihoods - and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to the rainfed nature of production. [citation needed], The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). chemistry past paper Safaris, Zimbabwe View Photos (24) In winter, The temperature here averages 21.0 C | 69.8 F. Otherwise temperature by itself is not a great determinant of plant and animal distribution. As the air descends, it warms, meaning it can carry water moisture, so there is little rain on this side of the mountain. Where are the areas of water deficit and surplus in the UK? Annual maize production in Zambia was on average 1.1 Mt in the period 2000 to 2010, and average yields of about 1.5 t/ha that have not significantly changed over the past 20 years. the total land area estimated at 64 million hectares most of which is administered traditional under customary law.The total area of indigenous forest in Zambia is 44.6 million hectares and covers 60 percent of the total land area, out of which 9.6 percent are gazetted forests. Relief. The significance of food, water and energy, An overview of global inequalities in the supply and consumption of resources, Carbon footprints, food miles and moves towards local sourcing of food. What is the structure of the tropical rainforest? The average number of hot days1 and hot nights per year in Zambia have increased while the It occurs only on: The great freshwater lakes of Tanganyika, Mweru, Bangweulu and Kariba (an artificial reservoir), together with the smaller lakes such as Mweru Wantipa and Itezhi-Tezhi reservoir, and numerous lagoons and swamps cover about 5% of Zambia. Safaris, Tanzania Can the risks of volcanic eruptions be reduced? STUDY OF SOIL Flooding in some parts of Lusaka. Coastal Environments CPD Erosional Landforms, Coastal Management and Fieldwork on the Holderness Coast, Coastal Environments CPD Erosional Erosion, Coastal Management, Deposition and Fieldwork on the Holderness Coast, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Internet Geography Plus Terms and Conditions. Rainfall and recharge to a dolomite aquifer in a semi-arid climate at Kabwe, Zambia. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. The hot surface heats up the air near it causing it to rise. Zambia experiences good rainfall, with extremes of 500 to 1400mm (most areas fall into the range 700 to ) in a distinct rainy season of four to six months centred on January, when the moist intertropical convergence zone is over the country. For this answer typeHow does Frontal Rainfall occurs?Miissmeg. flat and/or in low-lying areas. Zambia is expected to experience heavy rains in the coming days, with potential for flash floods in Mufumbwe, Kasempa, Kabwe, Lusaka, Siavonga, Gwembe and Chipata districts. the rain season ranges from 120 to 150 days.The soils are highly leached and generally acidic, . Plants, animals and people have evolved to this cycle which in Zambia has been fairly reliable, and it brings a number of ecological advantages which promote biodiversity. The climate is also determined by wind pattern, relief(how high the place is) etc. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the . The dry season lasts 68 months, divided into the cool dry season or winter from April or May to August, followed by the hot dry season, September to November. As a country with very distinct rainy and dry seasons, with a high rainfall in the former, and having a fairly flat topography, Zambian rivers and low-lying areas are prone to flooding, and there are extensive permanent swamps. How do changes affect the balance of an ecosystem? What are active, dormant and extinct volcanoes? 15.099 She writes for national newspapers, magazines, Rough Guides and Lonely Planet. What is the impact of humans on the desert? 1,015mm (39.96 inches). pp (EUR), Zambia: Corresponding variations are present in the recharge to a dolomite aquifer. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY What is the site and situation of a settlement? The dry season is subdivided into the cool dry season (May to August), and the hot dry season (September to October/November). The role of termites in building mounds which remain above most of the flood is important as this provides habitats for plants less tolerant of getting waterlogged, as well as safe breeding sites for birds and some animals. history of africa This page was last edited on 6 September 2022, at 20:10. What is the Demographic Transition Model? Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. The rains are brought by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and are characterised by thunderstorms, occasionally severe, with much lightning and sometimes hail. Highland areas to the west receive the most annual rainfall compared to the low-lying areas in the east. The Mfuwe section of South Luangwa can be visited at any time of year. These are Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Muchinga, Northern, North-Western, Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. This indicates that groundwater in Zambia usually has very low concentrations of dissolved constituents (total dissolved solids concentrations are typically less than 200 mg/l). How has hot desert vegetation adapted to the climate? [4][citation needed], The ability to grow enough food in the rainy season to last the long dry season is also a factor in population distribution. (4) J2002 i) The rainfall is heavy and falls throughout the year, averaging about 2 000 mm. Prior to the current 2005/06 season, the ZMD predicted normal to above normal rainfall for most parts of Zambia. Private tourLuxuryLodge & Tented Camp, You Visit: Lusaka (Start), South Luangwa NP, Lower Zambezi NP, Victoria Falls, Lusaka (End), 3.843 Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Quick NetOne, Telecel, Africom, And Econet Airtime Recharge, Advantages and Disadvantages of wood as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectricity, Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear power as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy. all form four past paper [2], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Zambia Seasons | Weather in Zambia - VentureCo Worldwide", International Union for Conservation of Nature, Climate Change Gender Action Plan of the Republic of Zambia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Zambia&oldid=1003499747, Articles needing additional references from January 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. This ecoregion predominates in the wettest part of the country, across the northern part of both 'lobes' of the country . Kalahari Sands in the south-west of the country are infertile and do not retain moisture, so are dominated mostly by deep-rooted trees with little growth in the understorey. Warm air is pushed up and over the terrain and cools at the higher altitude, producing . Populations living within the 5 km buffer from the main river systems and wetlands lose their dwellings either due to high levels of river water or structures collapsing due to excess rainfall. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. Use the images below to explore related GeoTopics. Rough estimates of the percentage of the country covered as given below are for the original or natural state of the area before urbanisation and agriculture has modified it. this is a type of rainfall that occurs when air has blown over the sea and is then being forced up over an area of high land. You can join us here to take actions to help achieve an end to hunger. Zambia, landlocked country in south-central Africa. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. the average yearly rainfall for Scotland is Rainfall is the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so. necta biology Different types of rainfall in the UK. Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests biome, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome, Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic, Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. Tours, South Africa Almera in Spain: a large-scale agricultural development, Sustainable Food Supplies in an LIC Bangladesh. Elsewhere, plants and animals are adapted to the long dry season. What does scenery formed by erosion look like? How has urbanisation helped Nigeria to develop? As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. mathematics past papers partners) to personalize our advertising campaigns and to allow you to share on social media. There are reports that more than 2 million people may be affected by the damage to agriculture. The . Which landforms result from moving or melting ice? None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. [citation needed]. Convenctional Rainfall - This type of rain is very common in areas where the ground is heated by the sun. The modifying influence of altitude gives the country pleasant subtropical weather rather than tropical conditions for most of the year. The average temperature in Zambia in the summer season is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. The plan is concerned with both the development of gender-responsive actions in response to climate change and the capacity to implement such plans. In the north, rain only falls from June to September in the range of 500 mm to 750 mm. - Temperature: the mean temperature is predicted to increase in Zambia with a greater frequency of 'Hot' days1 and nights and very few 'Cold'2 days or nights - Rainfall: changes in rainfall are less certain, but rainfall is expected to increase in the rainy season and the winter is expect to be even drier. In winter, theres hardly any rain and humidity is low. There are three main types of rainfall which occur very frequently in the world and depend on a variety of factors. During the 2019/2020 rainy season, Zambia recorded above normal rainfall which resulted into flooding and dry spells in isolated parts of the country particularly in Western Province. We advocate for effective and principled humanitarian action by all, for all. In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. What are the social and economic opportunities associated with the growth of Rio? The Twa people were split into two groups. In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Temperatures are higher at lower elevations, such as the Luapula-Mweru and Mweru Wantipa/Tanganyika valleys in the north, and highest in the lower Luangwa and Zambezi valleys in the south, typically experiencing 40C (104F) in October, with rising humidity making for uncomfortable conditions. How is a cold environment interdependent? Of late, droughts have been crippling the nation and have contributed to the already low life-expectancy GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND DRAINAGE Fig 2.1a page 26 . This means it has a greater ability to carry water moisture and so there is little rain on the far side of the mountain. Latitude is only one factor which determines the climate or even simply the rainfall pattern, temperature pattern etc. Humanitarian organizations were already providing life-saving assistance due to drought in some of the areas affected by the floods, especially in southern and western Zambia. Convectional rainfall occur for very short duration but occur in form of heavy showers. Zambia. Stage 1. In the middle to late dry season, bushfires are prevalent, and smoke is noticeable by smell and as a haze. What is the impact of humans on the Taiga? None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. 58.5. On the lee side of the similar mountain range, rainfall usually becomes low, and the area is in a rain shadow. This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. Hydrol., 59: 173--187. Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. The best is that Maphill enables you to look at the same country from many different angles. Here are the three main types of rainfall: Relief Rainfall. excessive high rainfall has acidic soils due to leaching, limiting crop production. On the flat central African plateau the woodland is interspersed with dambos, grassy wetlands forming the headwaters and margins of rivers which may make up to 30% of the ecoregion and which increase biodiversity of the ecoregion. In Southern Africa, countries have recently experienced malaria epidemics following unusual rainfall. 6 2.1 Climate of Zambia . and cools at the higher altitude, producing rain on the upwind In geography, a location's relief is the difference between its highest and lowest elevations. The main impact pathway of climate change in the country is through increasing variability in rainfall amounts during the agricultural season across the various agroecological regions, and shifts in the duration of the rainy season. Quite dense evergreen forest of medium height on sandy soils with little to no surface water, in several patches which make up the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone. Lucy is travel writer for a range of publications, including Lonely Planet's guides to Africa, Southern Africa and South Africa. slope and dry conditions on the downwind slope. OCHA coordinates the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. Rainfall amount is the most important determinant of the type and distribution of ecoregions. Acid rain - characterized as containing harmful levels of sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide; acid rain is damaging and potentially deadly to the earth's fragile ecosystems; acidity is measured using the pH scale where 7 is neutral, values greater than 7 are considered alkaline, and values below 5.6 are considered acid precipitation; note - a pH of 2.4 (the acidity of vinegar) has Like most of Southern Africa, Zambia also has rich biodiversity that is conserved in its many protected areas. Second, the near bisection of the continent by the Equator results in a largely symmetrical arrangement of climatic zones on either side. Traditionally some communities have divided the year into farming in the rainy season, and fishing and hunting in the dry season, when herbivores can be found more easily as they visit sources of water, and fires can be set to expose them or drive them into traps. It is widespread on the west coast of the United Kingdom due to the prevailing weather coming from that direction. Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. The main sites are: The Mopane tree Colophospermum mopane is also a legume and grows in hotter locations than the miombo species, and so Mopane woodlands, covering about 15% of the country, replace southern miombo woodlands at lower elevations in valleys in the south of the country, principally: This ecoregion, covering about 5% of Zambia in the south-west, is dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga, Zambian teak. 49. December, January, February & March - The wettest months, with heavy downpours in the afternoon. By. [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). Plains are low relief A total of 98 deaths occurred during October 4, 2017-May 12, 2018, in Lusaka; 40 (41%) deaths were reported by cholera treatment centers (CTCs), and 58 (59%) deaths occurred in the community. Around 70% of the Zambian thicket has been lost to land clearing and at the present rate the rest will vanish within 20 years. Figure 5 Extent of Desertification in Zambia Figure 6 Annual Rainfall (mm) per Province Figure 7 Maize production (kg) from 1987 to 1999 . Safaris, DR Congo Along the banks of permanent rivers and in the spray of waterfalls are evergreen thickets similar in character to tropical rainforest, relics of a wetter past.

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